CALSβ

Conlang Atlas of Language Structures

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  • All features

  • Phonology
  • Morphology
  • Nominal Categories
  • Nominal Syntax
  • Verbal Categories
  • Word Order
  • Simple Clauses
  • Complex Sentences
  • Lexicon
  • Sign Languages
  • Other
  • Conlang-specific
  • Phonology
    • Consonant Inventories (1218 languages)
    • Vowel Quality Inventories (1231 languages)
    • Consonant-Vowel Ratio (1146 languages)
    • Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives (1202 languages)
    • Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems (1165 languages)
    • Uvular Consonants (1192 languages)
    • Glottalized Consonants (1167 languages)
    • Lateral Consonants (1180 languages)
    • The Velar Nasal (1187 languages)
    • Vowel Nasalization (1175 languages)
    • Front Rounded Vowels (1162 languages)
    • Syllable Structure (1193 languages)
    • Tone (1213 languages)
    • Fixed Stress Locations (1014 languages)
    • Weight-Sensitive Stress (874 languages)
    • Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems (837 languages)
    • Rhythm Types (736 languages)
    • Absence of Common Consonants (1155 languages)
    • Presence of Uncommon Consonants (1153 languages)
  • Morphology
    • Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives (876 languages)
    • Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives (823 languages)
    • Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb (797 languages)
    • Locus of Marking in the Clause (815 languages)
    • Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases (800 languages)
    • Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology (749 languages)
    • Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology (869 languages)
    • Reduplication (854 languages)
    • Case Syncretism (831 languages)
    • Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking (824 languages)
  • Nominal Categories
    • Number of Genders (1104 languages)
    • Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems (1061 languages)
    • Systems of Gender Assignment (1017 languages)
    • Coding of Nominal Plurality (1032 languages)
    • Occurrence of Nominal Plurality (939 languages)
    • Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns (869 languages)
    • The Associative Plural (649 languages)
    • Definite Articles (1006 languages)
    • Indefinite Articles (985 languages)
    • Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns (906 languages)
    • Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection (891 languages)
    • Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives (812 languages)
    • Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives (660 languages)
    • Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives (733 languages)
    • Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns (861 languages)
    • Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns (838 languages)
    • Indefinite Pronouns (593 languages)
    • Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns (573 languages)
    • Person Marking on Adpositions (740 languages)
    • Number of Cases (927 languages)
    • Asymmetrical Case-Marking (743 languages)
    • Position of Case Affixes (859 languages)
    • Comitatives and Instrumentals (691 languages)
    • Ordinal Numerals (726 languages)
    • Distributive Numerals (513 languages)
    • Numeral Classifiers (709 languages)
    • Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers (459 languages)
    • Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes (757 languages)
  • Nominal Syntax
    • Obligatory Possessive Inflection (777 languages)
    • Possessive Classification (731 languages)
    • Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses (645 languages)
    • Adjectives without Nouns (638 languages)
    • Action Nominal Constructions (456 languages)
    • Noun Phrase Conjunction (651 languages)
    • Nominal and Verbal Conjunction (637 languages)
  • Verbal Categories
    • Perfective/Imperfective Aspect (834 languages)
    • The Past Tense (891 languages)
    • The Future Tense (887 languages)
    • The Perfect (788 languages)
    • Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes (826 languages)
    • The Morphological Imperative (712 languages)
    • The Prohibitive (663 languages)
    • Imperative-Hortative Systems (486 languages)
    • The Optative (671 languages)
    • Situational Possibility (535 languages)
    • Epistemic Possibility (519 languages)
    • Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking (447 languages)
    • Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality (609 languages)
    • Coding of Evidentiality (648 languages)
    • Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect (605 languages)
    • Verbal Number and Suppletion (604 languages)
  • Word Order
    • Order of Subject, Object and Verb (994 languages)
    • Order of Subject and Verb (954 languages)
    • Order of Object and Verb (947 languages)
    • Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb (746 languages)
    • Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase (831 languages)
    • Order of Genitive and Noun (887 languages)
    • Order of Adjective and Noun (920 languages)
    • Order of Demonstrative and Noun (817 languages)
    • Order of Numeral and Noun (838 languages)
    • Order of Relative Clause and Noun (745 languages)
    • Order of Degree Word and Adjective (588 languages)
    • Position of Polar Question Particles (715 languages)
    • Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions (662 languages)
    • Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause (564 languages)
    • Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase (670 languages)
    • Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun (651 languages)
    • Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun (691 languages)
    • Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb (622 languages)
    • Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb (574 languages)
  • Simple Clauses
    • Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases (741 languages)
    • Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns (701 languages)
    • Alignment of Verbal Person Marking (672 languages)
    • Expression of Pronominal Subjects (678 languages)
    • Verbal Person Marking (750 languages)
    • Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking (674 languages)
    • Order of Person Markers on the Verb (664 languages)
    • Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' (601 languages)
    • Reciprocal Constructions (509 languages)
    • Passive Constructions (688 languages)
    • Antipassive Constructions (593 languages)
    • Applicative Constructions (500 languages)
    • Periphrastic Causative Constructions (300 languages)
    • Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions (438 languages)
    • Negative Morphemes (701 languages)
    • Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation (518 languages)
    • Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation (407 languages)
    • Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation (364 languages)
    • Polar Questions (672 languages)
    • Predicative Possession (492 languages)
    • Predicative Adjectives (552 languages)
    • Nominal and Locational Predication (515 languages)
    • Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals (594 languages)
    • Comparative Constructions (436 languages)
  • Complex Sentences
    • Relativization on Subjects (528 languages)
    • Relativization on Obliques (484 languages)
    • 'Want' Complement Subjects (448 languages)
    • Purpose Clauses (396 languages)
    • 'When' Clauses (408 languages)
    • Reason Clauses (399 languages)
    • Utterance Complement Clauses (368 languages)
  • Lexicon
    • Hand and Arm (736 languages)
    • Finger and Hand (716 languages)
    • Numeral Bases (806 languages)
    • Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories (377 languages)
    • Number of Basic Colour Categories (361 languages)
    • Green and Blue (579 languages)
    • Red and Yellow (579 languages)
    • M-T Pronouns (619 languages)
    • N-M Pronouns (613 languages)
    • Tea (535 languages)
  • Sign Languages
    • Irregular Negatives in Sign Languages (76 languages)
    • Question Particles in Sign Languages (80 languages)
  • Other
    • Writing Systems (707 languages)
    • Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks (412 languages)
  • Conlang-specific
    • Conlang type (886 languages)
 
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