CALS
β
Conlang Atlas of Language Structures
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Consonant Inventories
Vowel Quality Inventories
Consonant-Vowel Ratio
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
Uvular Consonants
Glottalized Consonants
Lateral Consonants
The Velar Nasal
Vowel Nasalization
Front Rounded Vowels
Syllable Structure
Tone
Fixed Stress Locations
Weight-Sensitive Stress
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems
Rhythm Types
Absence of Common Consonants
Presence of Uncommon Consonants
Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb
Locus of Marking in the Clause
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology
Reduplication
Case Syncretism
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking
Number of Genders
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems
Systems of Gender Assignment
Coding of Nominal Plurality
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns
The Associative Plural
Definite Articles
Indefinite Articles
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns
Person Marking on Adpositions
Number of Cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking
Position of Case Affixes
Comitatives and Instrumentals
Ordinal Numerals
Distributive Numerals
Numeral Classifiers
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes
Obligatory Possessive Inflection
Possessive Classification
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses
Adjectives without Nouns
Action Nominal Constructions
Noun Phrase Conjunction
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction
Perfective/Imperfective Aspect
The Past Tense
The Future Tense
The Perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes
The Morphological Imperative
The Prohibitive
Imperative-Hortative Systems
The Optative
Situational Possibility
Epistemic Possibility
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
Coding of Evidentiality
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect
Verbal Number and Suppletion
Order of Subject, Object and Verb
Order of Subject and Verb
Order of Object and Verb
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
Order of Genitive and Noun
Order of Adjective and Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun
Order of Degree Word and Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun
Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
Expression of Pronominal Subjects
Verbal Person Marking
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking
Order of Person Markers on the Verb
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'
Reciprocal Constructions
Passive Constructions
Antipassive Constructions
Applicative Constructions
Periphrastic Causative Constructions
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions
Negative Morphemes
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation
Polar Questions
Predicative Possession
Predicative Adjectives
Nominal and Locational Predication
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals
Comparative Constructions
Relativization on Subjects
Relativization on Obliques
'Want' Complement Subjects
Purpose Clauses
'When' Clauses
Reason Clauses
Utterance Complement Clauses
Hand and Arm
Finger and Hand
Numeral Bases
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories
Number of Basic Colour Categories
Green and Blue
Red and Yellow
M-T Pronouns
N-M Pronouns
Tea
Irregular Negatives in Sign Languages
Question Particles in Sign Languages
Writing Systems
Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb
Conlang type
Compare
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns
WALS
In-depth description:
Only at
WALS
Values:
Conlangs:
No independent subject pronouns
(45 languages)
Number-indifferent pronouns
(64 languages)
Person-number affixes
(34 languages)
Person-number stem
(350 languages)
Person-number stem + pronominal plural affix
(34 languages)
Person-number stem + nominal plural affix
(33 languages)
Person stem + pronominal plural affix
(68 languages)
Person stem + nominal plural affix
(94 languages)
Natlangs:
No independent subject pronouns
(2 languages)
Number-indifferent pronouns
(7 languages)
Person-number affixes
(13 languages)
Person-number stem
(58 languages)
Person-number stem + pronominal plural affix
(19 languages)
Person-number stem + nominal plural affix
(10 languages)
Person stem + pronominal plural affix
(8 languages)
Person stem + nominal plural affix
(9 languages)
Pygal
0
0
40
40
80
80
120
120
160
160
200
200
240
240
280
280
320
320
No independ…
No independent subject pronouns
Number-indi…
Number-indifferent pronouns
Person-numb…
Person-number affixes
Person-numb…
Person-number stem
Person-numb…
Person-number stem + pronominal plural affix
Person-numb…
Person-number stem + nominal plural affix
Person stem…
Person stem + pronominal plural affix
Person stem…
Person stem + nominal plural affix
45
38.71153846153846
454.88324175824175
No independent subject pronouns
64
126.69230769230768
441.9642857142857
Number-indifferent pronouns
34
214.67307692307693
462.3626373626374
Person-number affixes
350
302.65384615384613
247.5
Person-number stem
34
390.63461538461536
462.3626373626374
Person-number stem + pronominal plural affix
33
478.6153846153846
463.0425824175824
Person-number stem + nominal plural affix
68
566.5961538461539
439.24450549450546
Person stem + pronominal plural affix
94
654.5769230769231
421.565934065934
Person stem + nominal plural affix
2
77.42307692307692
484.1208791208791
No independent subject pronouns
7
165.40384615384613
480.7211538461538
Number-indifferent pronouns
13
253.3846153846154
476.6414835164835
Person-number affixes
58
341.3653846153846
446.0439560439561
Person-number stem
19
429.3461538461538
472.5618131868132
Person-number stem + pronominal plural affix
10
517.3269230769231
478.68131868131866
Person-number stem + nominal plural affix
8
605.3076923076924
480.04120879120876
Person stem + pronominal plural affix
9
693.2884615384615
479.3612637362637
Person stem + nominal plural affix
Conlang
Natlang
