CALS: Language: Berber (Middle Atlas)

Features for Berber (Middle Atlas)

This language is cloned from WALS. If you need to cite or disagree with any data on this language, you will have to do so at WALS, not here.

Consonant Inventories ^WALS	Average
Vowel Quality Inventories ^WALS	Small (2-4)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio ^WALS	High
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives ^WALS	In both plosives and fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems ^WALS	Missing /p/
Uvular Consonants ^WALS	Uvular stops only
Glottalized Consonants ^WALS	No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants ^WALS	/l/, no obstruent laterals
The Velar Nasal ^WALS	No velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization ^WALS	Contrast absent
Front Rounded Vowels ^WALS	None
Syllable Structure ^WALS	Complex
Tone ^WALS	No tones
Fixed Stress Locations ^WALS	Ultimate
Weight-Sensitive Stress ^WALS	Fixed stress
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems ^WALS	No weight
Absence of Common Consonants ^WALS	All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants ^WALS	Pharyngeals

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Ablaut/concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Monoexponential case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb ^WALS	6-7 categories per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause ^WALS	Dependent marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases ^WALS	Dependent marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology ^WALS	Dependent-marking
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology ^WALS	Equal prefixing and suffixing
Reduplication ^WALS	Productive full and partial reduplication
Case Syncretism ^WALS	No case marking
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking ^WALS	Not syncretic

Number of Genders ^WALS	Two
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems ^WALS	Sex-based
Systems of Gender Assignment ^WALS	Semantic and formal
Coding of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	Mixed morphological plural
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	Person-number stem + pronominal plural affix
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives ^WALS	Unrelated
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	In 3rd person + 1st and/or 2nd person
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns ^WALS	No politeness distinction
Person Marking on Adpositions ^WALS	Pronouns only
Number of Cases ^WALS	2 cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking ^WALS	Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical
Position of Case Affixes ^WALS	Case prefixes
Comitatives and Instrumentals ^WALS	Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals ^WALS	First, two-th, three-th
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes ^WALS	Possessive suffixes

Obligatory Possessive Inflection ^WALS	Absent
Possessive Classification ^WALS	Two classes
Noun Phrase Conjunction ^WALS	'And' identical to 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction ^WALS	Differentiation

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect ^WALS	Grammatical marking
The Past Tense ^WALS	No past tense
The Future Tense ^WALS	No inflectional future
The Perfect ^WALS	No perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes ^WALS	Mixed type
The Morphological Imperative ^WALS	Second singular and second plural
The Prohibitive ^WALS	Special imperative + normal negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems ^WALS	Neither type of system
The Optative ^WALS	Inflectional optative absent
Situational Possibility ^WALS	Verbal constructions
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect ^WALS	None
Verbal Number and Suppletion ^WALS	None

Order of Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	VSO
Order of Subject and Verb ^WALS	VS
Order of Object and Verb ^WALS	VO
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb ^WALS	VOX
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	Prepositions
Order of Genitive and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Genitive
Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Adjective
Order of Demonstrative and Noun ^WALS	Mixed
Order of Numeral and Noun ^WALS	Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Relative clause
Position of Polar Question Particles ^WALS	Initial
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions ^WALS	Initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause ^WALS	Initial subordinator word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	VO and Prepositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	VO and NRel
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	VO and NAdj

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases ^WALS	Nominative - accusative (marked nominative)
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns ^WALS	Neutral
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Accusative
Expression of Pronominal Subjects ^WALS	Subject affixes on verb
Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Both the A and P arguments
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	No zero realization
Order of Person Markers on the Verb ^WALS	A precedes P
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' ^WALS	Indirect-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions ^WALS	Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions ^WALS	Present
Antipassive Constructions ^WALS	No antipassive
Applicative Constructions ^WALS	No applicative construction
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions ^WALS	Morphological but no compound
Negative Morphemes ^WALS	Negative particle
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	Asymmetric
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	A/Fin and A/Cat
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation ^WALS	Predicate negation also present
Polar Questions ^WALS	Question particle
Predicative Adjectives ^WALS	Verbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication ^WALS	Different
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals ^WALS	Possible
Comparative Constructions ^WALS	Locational

Relativization on Subjects ^WALS	Gap
Relativization on Obliques ^WALS	Gap
'Want' Complement Subjects ^WALS	Subject is expressed overtly
Purpose Clauses ^WALS	Balanced/deranked
'When' Clauses ^WALS	Balanced/deranked
Reason Clauses ^WALS	Balanced/deranked
Utterance Complement Clauses ^WALS	Balanced/deranked

Numeral Bases ^WALS	Decimal
M-T Pronouns ^WALS	No M-T pronouns
N-M Pronouns ^WALS	N-M pronouns, non-paradigmatic
Tea ^WALS	Others

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