CALS: Language: Ika

Features for Ika

This language is cloned from WALS. If you need to cite or disagree with any data on this language, you will have to do so at WALS, not here.

Consonant Inventories ^WALS	Moderately small
Vowel Quality Inventories ^WALS	Large (7-14)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio ^WALS	Moderately low
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives ^WALS	In plosives alone
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems ^WALS	None missing in /p t k b d g/
Uvular Consonants ^WALS	None
Glottalized Consonants ^WALS	No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants ^WALS	No laterals
The Velar Nasal ^WALS	No velar nasal
Front Rounded Vowels ^WALS	None
Syllable Structure ^WALS	Moderately complex
Tone ^WALS	No tones
Absence of Common Consonants ^WALS	All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants ^WALS	None

Locus of Marking in the Clause ^WALS	No marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases ^WALS	Dependent marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology ^WALS	Inconsistent or other
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology ^WALS	Weakly suffixing
Reduplication ^WALS	No productive reduplication
Case Syncretism ^WALS	No syncretism
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking ^WALS	Syncretic

Number of Genders ^WALS	None
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems ^WALS	No gender
Systems of Gender Assignment ^WALS	No gender
Coding of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	Plural word
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	Person-number stem + pronominal plural affix
Definite Articles ^WALS	No definite or indefinite article
Indefinite Articles ^WALS	No definite or indefinite article
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives ^WALS	Three-way contrast
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives ^WALS	Unrelated
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	No gender distinctions
Person Marking on Adpositions ^WALS	No person marking
Number of Cases ^WALS	6-7 cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking ^WALS	Symmetrical
Position of Case Affixes ^WALS	Postpositional clitics
Ordinal Numerals ^WALS	None
Numeral Classifiers ^WALS	Absent
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers ^WALS	Formally different
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes ^WALS	Possessive prefixes

Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses ^WALS	Highly differentiated
Action Nominal Constructions ^WALS	No action nominals
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction ^WALS	Differentiation

Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes ^WALS	Tense-aspect suffixes
The Morphological Imperative ^WALS	No second-person imperatives
The Prohibitive ^WALS	Normal imperative + special negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems ^WALS	Neither type of system
The Optative ^WALS	Inflectional optative absent
Situational Possibility ^WALS	Affixes on verbs
Epistemic Possibility ^WALS	Affixes on verbs
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking ^WALS	Overlap for either possibility or necessity
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality ^WALS	Direct and indirect
Coding of Evidentiality ^WALS	Mixed
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect ^WALS	Aspect
Verbal Number and Suppletion ^WALS	None

Order of Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	SOV
Order of Subject and Verb ^WALS	SV
Order of Object and Verb ^WALS	OV
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	Postpositions
Order of Genitive and Noun ^WALS	Genitive-Noun
Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Adjective
Order of Numeral and Noun ^WALS	No dominant order
Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Internally headed
Order of Degree Word and Adjective ^WALS	Degree word-Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles ^WALS	Final
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause ^WALS	Subordinating suffix
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	OV and Postpositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Other
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	OV and NAdj
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb ^WALS	[V-Neg]
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	MorphNeg

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases ^WALS	Ergative - absolutive
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Active
Expression of Pronominal Subjects ^WALS	Subject affixes on verb
Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Both the A and P arguments
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Zero in all 3sg forms
Order of Person Markers on the Verb ^WALS	A precedes P
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' ^WALS	Mixed
Reciprocal Constructions ^WALS	Identical to reflexive
Passive Constructions ^WALS	Absent
Antipassive Constructions ^WALS	No antipassive
Applicative Constructions ^WALS	Benefactive and other; both bases
Periphrastic Causative Constructions ^WALS	Purposive but no sequential
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions ^WALS	Morphological but no compound
Negative Morphemes ^WALS	Negative affix
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	Asymmetric
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	A/Fin
Polar Questions ^WALS	Mixture of previous two types

Relativization on Subjects ^WALS	Non-reduction
Relativization on Obliques ^WALS	Non-reduction
'Want' Complement Subjects ^WALS	Subject is left implicit
Purpose Clauses ^WALS	Deranked
'When' Clauses ^WALS	Deranked
Reason Clauses ^WALS	Balanced
Utterance Complement Clauses ^WALS	Balanced

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