CALS: Language: Indertonne

Features for Indertonne

Consonant Inventories ^WALS	Small
/b, d, θ, ɬ, ʃ, h, ʒ, m, n, ɹ, l, w, j/
Vowel Quality Inventories ^WALS	Average (5-6)
/ɪ, u, ɛ, o, ɑ/
Consonant-Vowel Ratio ^WALS	Moderately low
2.6
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives ^WALS	In fricatives alone
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems ^WALS	Other
Only has /b, d/.
Uvular Consonants ^WALS	None
Glottalized Consonants ^WALS	No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants ^WALS	/l/ and lateral obstruent
Has /ɬ/ but it only occurs in words referring to unpleasant actions, animals, concepts, objects or people, and in the perjorative morpheme.
The Velar Nasal ^WALS	No velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization ^WALS	Contrast absent
Front Rounded Vowels ^WALS	None
Syllable Structure ^WALS	Moderately complex
Syllable template is (C)V(C).
Tone ^WALS	Simple tone system
Fixed Stress Locations ^WALS	No fixed stress
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems ^WALS	No weight
Absence of Common Consonants ^WALS	All present
Lacks velar consonants.
Presence of Uncommon Consonants ^WALS	'Th' sounds
Has /θ/.

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Exclusively concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Monoexponential case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb ^WALS	0-1 category per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause ^WALS	Dependent marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases ^WALS	Dependent marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology ^WALS	Inconsistent or other
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology ^WALS	Equal prefixing and suffixing
Case Syncretism ^WALS	No syncretism
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking ^WALS	Not syncretic

Number of Genders ^WALS	None
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems ^WALS	No gender
Systems of Gender Assignment ^WALS	No gender
Coding of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	No plural
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	No nominal plural
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	Person stem + pronominal plural affix
Definite Articles ^WALS	No definite or indefinite article
Indefinite Articles ^WALS	No definite or indefinite article
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection ^WALS	No person marking
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives ^WALS	Two-way contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives ^WALS	Identical
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives ^WALS	Unrelated
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	3rd person only, but also non-singular
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns ^WALS	Multiple politeness distinctions
Person Marking on Adpositions ^WALS	No person marking
Number of Cases ^WALS	10 or more cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking ^WALS	Symmetrical
Position of Case Affixes ^WALS	Postpositional clitics
Comitatives and Instrumentals ^WALS	Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals ^WALS	One-th, two-th, three-th
Numeral Classifiers ^WALS	Absent
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes ^WALS	No possessive affixes

Obligatory Possessive Inflection ^WALS	Absent
Possessive Classification ^WALS	Three to five classes
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses ^WALS	Highly differentiated
Noun Phrase Conjunction ^WALS	'And' different from 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction ^WALS	Identity

The Past Tense ^WALS	Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions
The Future Tense ^WALS	No inflectional future
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes ^WALS	Tense-aspect prefixes
The Prohibitive ^WALS	Normal imperative + normal negative
The Optative ^WALS	Inflectional optative absent
Situational Possibility ^WALS	Other kinds of markers
Epistemic Possibility ^WALS	Other
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking ^WALS	No overlap
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality ^WALS	Direct and indirect
Coding of Evidentiality ^WALS	Separate particle
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect ^WALS	None
Verbal Number and Suppletion ^WALS	Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion

Order of Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	VSO
Order of Subject and Verb ^WALS	VS
Order of Object and Verb ^WALS	VO
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb ^WALS	VOX
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	Postpositions
Order of Genitive and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Genitive
Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	Only internally-headed relative clauses
Order of Demonstrative and Noun ^WALS	Demonstrative-Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Numeral
Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Internally headed
Position of Polar Question Particles ^WALS	Initial
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions ^WALS	Not initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause ^WALS	Subordinating suffix
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	VO and Postpositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Other
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	Other
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb ^WALS	VNeg
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	Other

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases ^WALS	Nominative - accusative (standard)
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns ^WALS	Nominative - accusative (standard)
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Neutral
Expression of Pronominal Subjects ^WALS	Obligatory pronouns in subject position
Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	No person marking
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	No person marking
Order of Person Markers on the Verb ^WALS	A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' ^WALS	Indirect-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions ^WALS	Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions ^WALS	Present
Antipassive Constructions ^WALS	No antipassive
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions ^WALS	Morphological but no compound
Negative Morphemes ^WALS	Negative particle
Polar Questions ^WALS	Question particle
Predicative Possession ^WALS	'Have'
Predicative Adjectives ^WALS	Verbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication ^WALS	Identical
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals ^WALS	Possible

Relativization on Subjects ^WALS	Non-reduction

Conlang type	Artlang

On Jan. 11, 2013, 1:10 p.m., k1234567890y wrote:

There's a lesson of laadan at http://home.comcast.net/~amjbarnhart/