Category:Nominal Categories
Feature:Comitatives and Instrumentals WALS
Name:Differentiation
Languages (480):
Conlangs (417):
Kamakawi
Qþyn|gài
SASXSEK
Deini
Livagian [phonologically]
Lembrin
Poswa
Naidda
Gevey
Viksen
Minza
Kelanian
Naisek
Ayasthi
Isuhuwum
Sa'nakkan
Bryatesle
Novegradian
Jezzali
Dravean
Zhyler
Zhytjetji
Kazujisha
Rhean
Khafos
Tseeyo
Old Adpihi
Jarolim
Jaibi
Khangathyagon
Saya
Marijo
Raitoliste
Skerre
Jarda
Tirelat
Torain
Senjecas
Songulda
Ngeyunh
Rithande
Polijolè
Toki Pona
Neo-Khitanese
Gogido
Lajik
Dahilese
Rejistanian
Ryupisasa
Bashika
Shsiwhe Luwur
Malabas
Hacherian
Tersales
K'tle
'Yemls
Taruven
Velyan
Lhueslue
Uscaniv
Mavakhalan
Kuyʔūn
Tine
Imuthan
Katkagor
Tseltsolian
FIAL
Sjal
Annese
SIAL
Ruzian
Buruya Nzaysa
Fakename3
Nova
Krig
project 1
Yivrian
Géarthnuns
Missa

While the comitative uses the suffix <saj>, the instrumental uses the suffix <ne>. The instrumental, however, is conflated with the essive case.

Neimalu
Itra Kir
Dacayan
Kono Mai
Ishtol
Kangir
Rnihonön
Dzuutani
Proto-Kunnu-lujungo
TIAL
Ngovasi
Cenyani
Lemohai
Toilan
Taiwazaiho
Torimish
draga
Comitative functions are performed by the locative case, instrumental functions by the prolative case.
WNBA
Ampizd
Uzkian
Talmit
Sentalian
Plitnakya
Majlang
Dètren
Kiassan Turasta
Kēlen
Ngaru
Audente
Avrelang
Liu
Larler
nedefinati
Nizhmel
Klingon
Na'vi
Ataican
Kemba
Emyt
South Picksalladed
Frimer
South Eresian
Myonian
Endehl
Kassunetian
Mîrkšam
Celdirin
Celinese

Lo r-athlë cé r-Elys anðoí. I went to (the town) with Elys.

Ichrand b-petholog sé foí. I made it with a hammer.

The instrumental is marked by using ichrand "using" rather than cé "with".

Ozavakve
Baranxe'i
Zorillo
Lonmai Luna
Dhannuá
Salhari
Cerstan
Gonjonic
Anshanish
Verunic
Redspeech
Manchu
Arroe
Himmaswa

comitative is indicated with the stative verb 'weup' - be together with

instrumental is indicated with the stative verb 'teuk' - use; employ

Examples:

Hwai kanglooay dua leum teuk gloañjouk. - 1 build PERF house use wood. - I built the house with wood.

Hwai kanglooay dua leum weup klot. - 1 build PERF house be.with older.brother - I built the house with my older brother.

Meftla
Simbri
Qitatyattas
yiqa' yiywos
Arka
Nayraki
Athah
Sakawi
Kopfberger German
anotherunnamed
Kaynuryos
Lup (Simplified)
Comitatives and instrumentals are coded as two distinct case suffixes.
Tslure Thujekatsoth
Marag
Proto-Frinthan
Borchennymendi
Dahu
Alahithian
Ata
Kiswona
Lántas
Barbane
donawean
Vishak
Alakulian
Ixe Wa
Tatari Faran
Old Arassenian
Fayn
Cwengaer
Başam
Applelang
Pymmalian
Q'oligo
Kaujasakka
Sarian
Prydonian High Gallifreyan
Old Zarcosian
Seto ka'palo
Ancient
Thensarian
Palethian
Interslavic
Begonian
Snahhian
Tizian
Aoma
Alashian
Old Nevotak
Temarp
Raxic

The instrumental case does double duty as an "adjutative case" ('with help of' or 'facilitated by'), while the ablative-comitative case can encode predicative possession.

Kuty
Eranai
Ilaini
Nevotak
Satang
Proto-Zachydic
Levran
Bơlơn
Haneko
Apelcheq Maulochsab
Kamëzet
Mithara
Rireinutire
Meino
Phitonic
Guzadinkya
Waku
Wally Toxic
Isolating thing inspired by mesoamerican and southeast asian
Usangtari
Nuirn
Lanbuvia
Ronc Tyu
LipTalk
urdcax
Telim
Damiyaa
Ccharthii
Sǔra
Achiyitqan
Minhast
Nuim
Fritheyish
Mezhat
Ekorat
Cikap
Vtayn
Averagelang
Ythnandosian
Yeqochun
Spraka
Novoslovnica
Qhirem
Omayna
Workinprogressian
Indertonne
Summerlandic
Siaswo
Delniit
Lwaitel
Temporary1
Settamu
Miirna
Pach'o
Doubleyew Eyepea
Proto-Tampoluric
Clofabian
Yuzojo
lietūska
Ba'eni
Kaingu
Ame language
Classical Uraki
Iloyan
bal'ukbar
Thuun
Arcaicam Esperantom
Gavdorean
Mondlango
Naharqan
Lingwa de Planeta
Wihri
Nattoretan
Tasza
Trayks
Kirronga
Tajju-njo Gwa
Lavrian
Ɣu
Chagrandi
Numi
Draconic
Thulean
Onnasurin
Ussaria
EML
Weakwan
Mayato MKII
Gravgaln
Lagu
Proto-Maritime
Common Honey
Dheneydabus
Etelegbe
Mesak
Kolyma Ainu
Eitinodo
Sape
Kibaki
Xingish
Kagian
Qrai
Old Sumrë
Faikari
Dhrahhynian
Luluvo
Ancient Draconian
Illicraic
INS
Nomikan
CALS Average Feature Values
Random
Average Conlang
At'ik
Anxian
Ilcharotic
Enlalen
Voksigid
Dunia
Vikti
Westlandish
Nylaf
Avalonian
ExoticLang
Bologau
Sambahsa
Intal
Yeul
mundeze
Polarian
Gavaro
Q.T. Lingua Franca
Kavrinian
Chlouvanem
Huttese (fanmade)
Andras Rajki cites the contrast of "fee" and "goo" to translate "with" in Ben Burtt's Star Wars Galaxy Phrase Book and Travel Guide as an example of the "severe inconsistencies" it contains rendering it a poor template for constructing a coherent grammar out of Huttese. However, the supposedly contradictory examples Burtt provides (Va foppa gee wontahumpa?"Does that come with a warranty?") and ("Jee ho poka foo creeda."I will pay with credit.") coincide perfectly with the comitative/instrumental distinction made in the vast majority of languages in the WALS sample, indiscriminately translated as one and the same word in most Western languages. Ironically enough, Rajki's presumable mother tongue, Hungarian, also at least partially makes this distinction.
Choton
Shalolese
Tangachi
Tallfellow
Ghudaz
Centaurian
Gilya
PURK
xosemz – "dog"
xosemzen mrilp – "together with the dog"
xosemzyf – "with (using) the dog"
Varo
Saremite, Old
Inote
’Ukana’akau
Abraeni
Chharang
Oksa language
Yungchangese
Cylvian
Egeriac
HIH
Wistanian
Ubaghuns Tëhe
Emihtazuu
Scotian
Narish
Kedshi
Votgil
Tínaaqhe
Eiidana
Hylsian
Kalavi
Szezk
Frenkisch
Yuraalian
arrayfish's personal lang
Zutian
Fsonkers
Aats'ax
Jongré
Rukun
Kali-Sise
Qaelian
Algilez
Somish
Daisilingo
Eremoran
Comitative: ku
Instrumental: bo
Interglossa
Kotava
Laadan
Novial
Esperanto
Ido
Lojban
Interlingue (Occidental)
Jakvalat
Pegakibo
lbana
Ithkuil III
Šamhešmi
Waa
Valtal
BreadSpeak
Akxera
Sibirgo
Lauvinko
Toaq
Hayakan
Ta Ti
Soc'ul'
Ntali
Standard Knrawi
Latejami
New Ithkuil
Sona
Gwaxol
Modern Eltan
Xada
Guimin
Vrkhazhian
Etlish
Frangian Sign
Globasa
Asso-Thrystian
Hemaluan
Standard Sievi
Tenshorian
Pateko
Nao

Natlangs (63):
Mandarin
Japanese
Finnish
Abkhaz
Acoma
Arabic (Egyptian)
Ainu
Alamblak
Amele
Arapesh
Bagirmi
Berber (Middle Atlas)
Basque
Burushaski
Chukchi
Evenki
Fijian
Gooniyandi
Greenlandic (West)
Guarani
Hindi
Hixkaryana
Hunzib
Imonda
Jakaltek
Kayardild
Khalkha
Khmer
Khasi
Kilivila
Kannada
Kanuri
Koasati
Kobon
Korean
Krongo
Lezgian
Lakhota
Maori
Mapudungun
Meithei
Martuthunira
Mangarrayi
Ngiyambaa
Nivkh
Oromo (Harar)
Piraha
Rapanui
Slave
Swahili
Tagalog
Thai
Wichi
Warao
Yaqui
Yukaghir (Kolyma)
Yoruba
Polish
Mundari
Karok
Trumai
Dani (Lower Grand Valley)
Urubu-Kaapor