18 distinct letters, combining link, and initial/final marks.

Latin alphabet in current use. The following letters are used:

a á b c ć d e é ė g i í j k l m n ń o ó p r s ś t u ú v y

Unless otherwise marked below, all letters are said like their IPA equivalent.

• All vowels with acute accents, save 'é', are read like their non accented counterparts (e.g., it is not indicative of any vowel length or quality distinction or stress marking).
• <b v> both are read as /β/. A change similar to that in Spanish occured, where all of [w b v] collapsed into a single phoneme.
• <c> is read as /t͡s/ before back vowels and as /t͡ɕ/ before front vowels. <ć> is read as /t͡ɕ/ in all positions.
• <é> is read as /i/ in all positions.
• <ė> and <y> were originally read as /ə/ in all positions. Currently, /ə/ is losing ground to /a/, and a merger is occurring.
• <g> always represents /ɣ/; however, it has an allophone [ʝ] before front vowels.
• <ń> is read as /ŋ/ in all positions.
• <ś> is a phoneme distinct from /s/ whose precise articulation is not yet fully understood. While on this page this sound has been marked as /ɕ/, it is more than likely that it is in fact [s̠] (a retracted alveolar sibilant) or similar.

There have been several thoughts about a special alphabet made for Missa, but no one idea has gained momentum.

The origin writing system of Dacayan is Fojyskripto (lit: Foyanese Script). It's based on the shape of Hàn Zì characters and Uyghur script. It's written vertically up to down and right to left.

Enamyn had two writing systems: an older script written vertically (top to bottom, left to right) and a newer script--created in the late 5th century--written horizontally (left to right, top to bottom). The only surviving instances of the older script are as illuminations in Bible codices from the 8th and 9th centuries.

Roman Alphabet sans "c, j, w". Hesperian Alphabet: a, b, bf, d, dl, dz, e, f, fv, g, gh, h, hy, i, k, l, m, mb, n, ng, o, p, q, qsr, r, s, sr, t, tzl, u, v, x, xr, xs, y, z, zl.

Roman alphabet is employed. "B, D, J, W" are not used. Letter assignment is as follows:



A = /a/
C = /θ/
CN = /ŋ|/
CQ = /|/
E = /ɛ/
F = /xʷ/
G = /ŋ/
GL = /ɡʟ/
GV = /ŋʷ/
H = /x/
I = /i/
IU = /ə/
K = /k/
KF = /kxʷ/
KH = /kx/
KV = /kʷ/
L = /l/
LY =/ʎ/
M = /m/
N = /n/
NY = /ɲ/
O = /ɔ/
P = /p/
Q = /ʔ/
R = /r/
S = /ʃ/
T = /t/
TC = /tθ/
TN = /ŋ!/
TQ = /!/
TS = /tʃ/
TX = /tɬ/
TZ = /ts/
U = /u/
V = /w/
X = /ɬ/
XN = /ŋ||/
XQ = /||/
Y = /j/
Z = /s/

Uses Latin Alphabet:

⟨a⟩ = /ɔ/
⟨ā⟩ = /ɑʊ/
⟨b⟩ = /p’/
⟨d⟩ = /t’/
⟨e⟩ = /ɛ/
⟨ē⟩ = /aɪ/
⟨g⟩ = /ŋ/
⟨gh⟩ = /ɣ/
⟨h⟩ = /h/
⟨hj⟩ = /xʲ/
⟨hv⟩ = /xʷ/
⟨i⟩ = /i/
⟨ī⟩ = /eɪ/
⟨j⟩ = /j/
⟨k⟩ = /k/
⟨kh⟩ = /x/
⟨kj⟩ = /kxʲ/
⟨kv⟩ = /kxʷ/
⟨l⟩ = /l/
⟨lh⟩ = /ɬ/
⟨m⟩ = /m/
⟨mh⟩ = /v/
⟨n⟩ = /n/
⟨nh⟩ = /z/
⟨p⟩ = /p/
⟨ph⟩ = /f/
⟨q⟩ = /k’/
⟨r⟩ = /ɹ̠/
⟨rh⟩ = /ʃ/
⟨t⟩ = /t/
⟨th⟩ = /s/
⟨tl⟩ = /tɬ/
⟨tr⟩ = /tʃ/
⟨u⟩ = /u/
⟨ū⟩ = /oʊ/
⟨v⟩ = /w/

NB: /ʔ/ is not written.

⟨c, f, j, o, s, v, x, z⟩
are not used, not even to write
foreign names.